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Daily Mail front page on 4 August 2010TypeFormatOwner(s)Founder(s)andPublisherEditorFounded4 May 1896; 123 years ago ( 1896-05-04)Political alignmentLanguageEnglishHeadquartersNorthcliffe House2 Derry Street5TT1,181,023 (as of May 2019)numberWebsiteThe Daily Mail is a British daily newspaper published in London in a. Founded in 1896, it is the United Kingdom's third-biggest-selling daily newspaper after and Its sister paper was launched in 1982, while Scottish and Irish editions of the daily paper were launched in 1947 and 2006 respectively. Content from the paper appears on the website, although the website is managed separately and has its own editor.The paper is owned by the., a great-grandson of one of the original co-founders, is the current chairman and controlling shareholder of the Daily Mail and General Trust, while day-to-day editorial decisions for the newspaper are usually made by a team led by the editor, who succeeded in September 2018.A survey in 2014 found the average age of its reader was 58, and it had the lowest demographic for 15- to 44-year-olds among the. Uniquely for a British daily newspaper, it has a majority female readership with women making up 52–55% of its readers. It had an average daily circulation of 1,222,611 copies in November 2018. Between July and December 2013 it had an average daily readership of approximately 3.951 million, of whom approximately 2.503 million were in the demographic and 1.448 million in the demographic.
Its website has more than 100 million unique visitors per month.The Daily Mail has been widely criticised for its unreliability, as well as printing of sensationalist and inaccurate scare stories of science and medical research, and for copyright violations.The Daily Mail has won a number of awards, including receiving the National Newspaper of the Year award from the seven times since 1995. Contents.OverviewThe Mail was originally a but switched to a compact format on 3 May 1971, the 75th anniversary of its founding. On this date it also absorbed the, which had been published as a tabloid by the same company. The publisher of the Mail, the (DMGT), is listed on the.Circulation figures according to the in November 2017 show gross daily sales of 1,383,932 for the Daily Mail. According to a December 2004 survey, 53% of Daily Mail readers voted for the Conservative Party, compared to 21% for Labour and 17% for the Liberal Democrats. The main concern of, the current chairman and main shareholder, is that the circulation be maintained. He testified before a that 'we need to allow editors the freedom to edit', and therefore the newspaper's editor was free to decide editorial policy, including its political allegiance.
The Mail has been edited by since September 2018, following the retirement of who edited the paper since 1992. History Early history. Advertisement by the Daily Mail for insurance against attacks during theThe Daily Mail, devised by (later Viscount Northcliffe) and his brother Harold (later Viscount Rothermere), was first published on 4 May 1896. It was an immediate success. It cost a halfpenny at a time when other London dailies cost one penny, and was more populist in tone and more concise in its coverage than its rivals. The planned issue was 100,000 copies but the print run on the first day was 397,215 and additional printing facilities had to be acquired to sustain a circulation which rose to 500,000 in 1899., 19th-century, dismissed the Daily Mail as 'a newspaper produced by office boys for office boys.' : 590–591 By 1902, at the end of the, the circulation was over a million, making it the largest in the world.With Harold running the business side of the operation and Alfred as Editor, the Mail from the start adopted an political stance, taking a patriotic line in the, leading to claims that it was not reporting the issues of the day objectively.
From the beginning, the Mail also set out to entertain its readers with human interest stories, serials, features and competitions (which were also the main means by which the Harmsworths promoted the paper).In 1900 the Daily Mail began printing simultaneously in both Manchester and London, the first national newspaper to do so (in 1899, the Daily Mail had organised special trains to bring the London-printed papers north). The same production method was adopted in 1909 by the, in 1927 by the and eventually by virtually all the other national newspapers. Printing of the Scottish Daily Mail was switched from Edinburgh to the Deansgate plant in Manchester in 1968 and, for a while, was also printed on the Mail presses in Deansgate.
In 1987, printing at Deansgate ended and the northern editions were thereafter printed at other Associated Newspapers plants.In 1906 the paper offered £10,000 for the first flight from London to, followed by a £1,000 prize for the first flight across the. Magazine thought the idea preposterous and offered £10,000 for the first flight to, but by 1910 both the Mail 's prizes had been won. The paper continued to award sporadically until 1930.Before the outbreak of, the paper was accused of warmongering when it reported that Germany was planning to crush the.
When war began, Northcliffe's call for was seen by some as controversial, although he was vindicated when conscription was introduced in 1916. On 21 May 1915, Northcliffe criticised, the, regarding weapons and munitions. Kitchener was considered by some to be a national hero. The paper's circulation dropped from 1,386,000 to 238,000. Fifteen hundred members of the burned unsold copies and called for a boycott of the Harmsworth Press.
Prime Minister accused the paper of being disloyal to the country.When Kitchener died, the Mail reported it as a great stroke of luck for the British Empire. The paper was critical of Asquith's conduct of the war, and he resigned on 5 December 1916. His successor asked Northcliffe to be in his cabinet, hoping it would prevent him from criticising the government. Northcliffe declined. Inter-war period Before 1930. A page from the Daily Mail Silver Jubilee Issue, 1935As Lord Northcliffe aged, his grip on the paper slackened and there were periods when he was not involved. But light-hearted stunts enlivened him, such as the 'Hat campaign' in the winter of 1920.
This was a contest with a prize of £100 for a new design of hat – a subject in which Northcliffe took a particular interest. There were 40,000 entries and the winner was a cross between a top hat and a bowler christened the Daily Mail Sandringham Hat. The paper subsequently promoted the wearing of it but without much success. In 1922, when Lord Northcliffe died, took full control of the paper.In 1919, made the first flight across the Atlantic, winning a prize of £10,000 from the Daily Mail. In 1930 the Mail made a great story of another aviation stunt, awarding another prize of £10,000 to for making the first solo flight from England to Australia.The Daily Mail had begun the in 1908. At first, Northcliffe had disdained this as a publicity stunt to sell advertising and he refused to attend. But his wife exerted pressure upon him and he changed his view, becoming more supportive.
By 1922 the editorial side of the paper was fully engaged in promoting the benefits of modern appliances and technology to free its female readers from the drudgery of housework. The Mail maintained the event until selling it to Media 10 in 2009.On 25 October 1924, the Daily Mail published the forged, which indicated that British Communists were planning violent revolution. This was thought by some a significant factor in the defeat of 's in the, held four days later.Unlike most newspapers, the Mail quickly took up an interest on the new medium of radio. In 1928, the newspaper established an early example of an station aboard a yacht, both as a means of self-promotion and as a way to break the BBC's monopoly. However, the project failed as the equipment was not able to provide a decent signal from overboard, and the transmitter was replaced by a set of speakers.
The yacht spent the summer entertaining beach-goers with gramophone records interspersed with publicity for the newspaper and its insurance fund. The Mail was also a frequent sponsor on throughout the 1920s and 1930s and periodically voiced support for the legalisation of private radio, something that would not happen until 1973.From 1923 Lord Rothermere and the Daily Mail formed an alliance with the other great press baron,. Their opponent was the Conservative Party politician and leader. By 1929 George Ward Price was writing in the Mail that Baldwin should be deposed and Beaverbrook elected as leader. In early 1930 the two Lords launched the which the Daily Mail supported enthusiastically.
The rise of the new party dominated the newspaper and, even though Beaverbrook soon withdrew, Rothermere continued to campaign. Vice Admiral fought the first by-election for the in October, defeating the official Conservative candidate by 941 votes. Baldwin's position was now in doubt, but in 1931 won the key, beating the United Empire Party candidate, Sir, supported by Rothermere, and this broke the political power of the press barons.In 1927, the celebrated picture of the year by was bought by the Daily Mail for the. Support of fascism. The 'Hurrah for the Blackshirts' article by Lord RothermereLord Rothermere was a friend of and, and directed the Mail's editorial stance towards them in the early 1930s. Rothermere's 1933 leader 'Youth Triumphant' praised the new Nazi regime's accomplishments, and was subsequently used as propaganda by them.
In it, Rothermere predicted that 'The minor misdeeds of individual Nazis would be submerged by the immense benefits the new regime is already bestowing upon Germany'. Journalist, in a book on journalism, suggested that Rothermere was referring to the violence against Jews and Communists rather than the detention of political prisoners. Rothermere and the Mail were also editorially sympathetic to and the. Rothermere wrote an article titled 'Hurrah for the Blackshirts' published in the Daily Mail on 15 January 1934, praising Mosley for his 'sound, commonsense, Conservative doctrine', and pointing out that: 'Young men may join the British Union of Fascists by writing to the Headquarters, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.'
Condemned Rothermere's article commenting that, '. The Blackshirts, like the Daily Mail, appeal to people unaccustomed to thinking. The average Daily Mail reader is a potential Blackshirt ready made. When Lord Rothermere tells his clientele to go and join the Fascists some of them pretty certainly will.' The paper's support ended after violence at a BUF rally in Kensington Olympia in June 1934. Mosley and many others thought Rothermere had responded to pressure from Jewish businessmen who it was believed had threatened to stop advertising in the paper if it continued to back an anti-Semitic party. The paper editorially continued to oppose the arrival of Jewish refugees escaping Germany, describing their arrival as 'a problem to which the Daily Mail has repeatedly pointed.'
Post-war historyOn 5 May 1946, the Daily Mail celebrated its Golden Jubilee. Was the chief guest at the banquet and toasted it with a speech. In the Second World War had forced the Daily Mail to cut its size to four pages, but the size gradually increased through the 1950s.The Daily Mail was transformed by its editor during the 1970s and 1980s,. He had been editor of the from 1969 to 1971, when it closed. Part of the same group from 1953, the Sketch was absorbed by its sister title, and English became editor of the Mail, a post in which he remained for more than 20 years. English transformed it from a struggling newspaper selling half as many copies as its mid-market rival, the, to a formidable publication, whose circulation rose to surpass that of the Express by the mid-1980s. English was knighted in 1982.The paper enjoyed a period of journalistic success in the 1980s, employing some of the most inventive writers in old including the gossip columnist, and sportswriter (who unlike some of his colleagues—the paper generally did not support —strongly opposed ).
In 1982 a Sunday title, the, was launched (the Scottish, now owned by the, was founded in 1919 by the first Lord Rothermere, but later sold.)Knighted in 1982, Sir David English became editor-in-chief and chairman of Associated Newspapers in 1992 after had attempted to hire editor as editor of. The Evening Standard was then part of the Associated Newspapers group, and Dacre was appointed to succeed English at the Daily Mail as a means of dealing with Murdoch's offer. Dacre retired as editor of the Daily Mail but remains editor-in-chief of the group.In late 2013, the paper moved its London printing operation from the city's Docklands area to a new £50 million plant in, Essex. There are Scottish editions of both the Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday, with different articles and columnists.In August 2016, the Daily Mail began a partnership with, the official newspaper of the. This partnership included publishing articles in the MailOnline produced by The People's Daily. The agreement appeared to observers to give the paper an edge in publishing news stories sourced out of China, but it also led to questions of regarding politically sensitive topics.
In November 2016, ended a series of promotions in the paper which had run for years, following a campaign from the group ', who were unhappy with the Mail's coverage of migrant issues and the EU referendum.In September 2017, the Daily Mail partnered with to launch DailyMailTV, an international news program produced by Stage 29 Productions in its studios based in New York City with satellite studios in London, Sydney, DC and Los Angeles. (Stage 29 Productions) was named as executive producer. The program was nominated for a in 2018. Scottish, Irish, Continental and Indian editions Scottish Daily Mail. Main article:The Daily Mail officially entered the Irish market with the launch of a local version of the paper on 6 February 2006; free copies of the paper were distributed on that day in some locations to publicise the launch. Its masthead differed from that of UK versions by having a green rectangle with the word 'IRISH', instead of the, but this was later changed, with 'Irish Daily Mail' displayed instead. The Irish version includes stories of Irish interest alongside content from the UK version.
According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, the Irish edition had a circulation of 63,511 for July 2007, falling to an average of 49,090 for the second half of 2009. Since 24 September 2006, the Irish Sunday newspaper acquired by Associated in 2001, was replaced by an Irish edition of the Mail on Sunday (the Irish Mail on Sunday), to tie in with the weekday newspaper.Continental and Overseas Daily MailTwo foreign editions were begun in 1904 and 1905; the former titled the Overseas Daily Mail, covering the world, and the latter titled the Continental Daily Mail, covering Europe and North Africa. Main article:The newspaper entered India on 16 November 2007 with the launch of Mail Today, a 48-page compact size newspaper printed in Delhi, Gurgaon and Noida with a print run of 110,000 copies. Based around a subscription model, the newspaper has the same fonts and feel as the Daily Mail and was set up with investment from Associated Newspapers and editorial assistance from the Daily Mail newsroom. Editorial stanceThe Mail has traditionally been a supporter of the and has endorsed this party in all recent general elections. While the paper retained its support for the Conservative Party at the, the paper urged conservatively inclined voters to support in the constituencies of, and where UKIP was the main challenger to the. The paper is generally critical of the, which it says is biased to the left.
The Mail has published pieces by opposing the growing of in the United Kingdom.On international affairs, the Mail broke with the establishment media consensus over the between Russia. The Mail accused the British government of dragging Britain into an unnecessary confrontation with Russia and of hypocrisy regarding its protests over Russian recognition of and 's independence, citing the British government's own recognition of 's independence from Russia's ally. Main article:The majority of content appearing in the Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday printed newspapers also forms part of that included in the MailOnline website. MailOnline is free to read and funded by advertising. In 2011 MailOnline was the second most visited English-language newspaper website worldwide. It has since then become the most visited newspaper website in the world, with over 189.5 million visitors per month, and 11.7 million visitors daily, as of January 2014.Thailand's military junta blocked the MailOnline in May 2014 after the site revealed a video of Thailand's Crown Prince and his wife, Princess Srirasmi, partying. The video appears to show the allegedly topless princess, a former waitress, in a tiny as she feeds her pet dog cake to celebrate its birthday.
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Butler and A. Sloman, British Political Facts, 1900–1975, p. 378.External linksWikimedia Commons has media related to.
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